Project 003: LED Dice

Objective

• To design and program an electrical LED dice using a microcontroller and 7 LEDs

Design and write the program in the embedded system that generates a random number between 1 and 6 (inclusive) when a push button is pressed, and displays the corresponding number of dots on the 7 LEDs for 2 seconds. You can use a pseudo-random number generator and a switch-case statement to map the numbers to the LEDs. For example, 1 can be shown as the center dot, 2 as the opposite dots, 3 as a diagonal line, 4 as a square, 5 as a cross, and 6 as a hexagon. You may also add other features like sound, animation, or delay to enhance the user experience.

Required Components List

• Microcontroller board (such as PSoC board, TI TIVA board, or similar)
• Breadboard and jumper wires
• 7 LEDs (2 yellows, 2 green LEDs, 2 blue LEDs, and one red LED)
• 11 220-ohm resistors
• An L293 TTL Chip (Datasheet)

Component/Device	Description	Quantity
	220 Ω (red red brn gld / red red blk blk brn)	× 11
	Red LED	× 1
	Green LED	× 2
	Blue LED	× 2
	Yellow LED	× 2
	L293D Quadruple Half-H Drivers	× 1

Circuit Diagram

• Insert the 7 LEDs on the breadboard to form a dice diagram, as shown above. Connect each LED to a 220-ohm resistor. The resistors limit the current flowing through the LEDs and protect them from damage due to overcurrent.
• Connect each LED-resistor pair to an output pin of the L293D chip, as shown in the diagram.
• Connect pins LEDR, LEDG, LEDB, and LEDY to the microcontroller. Ensure that these pins are set to output mode in the program.

Safety Tips:

• Do not connect the LEDs directly to the digital pins without resistors.
• Disconnect the power cable (including the USB on the microcontroller board) before making any changes to the circuit.

Pin configurations

Procedure

1. Start a new project in your IDE and create a folder named "003_LED_Dice".
2. Include the necessary header files.
3. Define the pins for 4 pairs of LEDs and a push button. Ensure that the LEDs' pins are set to output mode and the pin for the button is set to input mode with a pull-up or pull-down resistor.
4. Start with the dice displaying a value of 1
5. Increment the displayed dice value to the next value. After reaching 6, reset to 0.
6. If the push button (SW1) is pressed, display the dice value every 100ms.
7. If the button is released, display the dice value every 200 ms for a duration of (1000 + random value) ms. The random value should range from 100 to 1000.
8. Continuously check if the button is pressed again and repeat steps 5 to 7 accordingly.

Programming Tips:

• To detect the state of SW1, consider using software edge detection methods that trigger an action when the button's state changes from pressed to released or vice versa. For example:
  • When SW1 is pressed, new dice values are displayed every 100 ms.
  • When SW1 is released, display new dice values every 200 ms for 1 ~ 3 seconds (1000 ms + a random value), then stop.

typedef enum DICE_LED{
    _LEDR,
    _LEDG,
    _LEDY,
    _LEDB
} DICE_LED;

DICE_LED dice[] = {
    _LEDR,                      // for dice value 1
    _LEDY,                      // for dice value 2
    _LEDR | _LEDY,              // for dice value 3
    _LEDY | _LEDG,              // for dice value 4
    _LEDY | _LEDG | _LEDR,      // for dice value 5
    _LEDY | _LEDG | _LEDB       // for dice value 6
};